A clouded outlook

Part of Japan's economic problem can be associated to outdated boardroom practices. Work-your-way-up-the-ladder promotion systems and consensus-based decision making have made managers risk-averse and opposed to outside influences. "Japan's consensus-based management becomes counterproductive in certain situations, when they use it as an excuse to not make tough decisions," Jean-Philippe Biragnet, a partner at Bain & Company Tokyo, says. "What needs to be done is not rocket science. You need leaders who will be bold enough to make certain decisions."