Around 60 percent of 364 frontline healthcare workers surveyed said they are not prepared or only somewhat prepared to take on more non-COVID-19 patients, according to a new poll from Bain & Company conducted in late April. Around half said they don't have enough tests for caregivers and patients while about a quarter said they don't have enough masks, gloves, face shields, gowns and other PPE.

In addition to supply constraints, prioritizing care presents operational hurdles, said Joshua Weisbrod, a partner with Bain who leads its U.S. healthcare practice.

"Having the testing in place and PPE in place is crucial," he said. "There's also identifying which patients are lower-risk in terms of the COVID-19 care transition."