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Engineering Your Way Out of the Global Chip Shortage

If you design for resilience, you’ll be better able to navigate disruptions.

著者：Peter Hanbury, Bill Radzevych, and Ben Grant

First published on 12月 23, 2021
min read


This article originally appeared on HBR.org (subscription may be required). Leadership teams are pulling out all the stops to blunt the damage of the global semiconductor chip shortage on their businesses. But many are overlooking a critical factor that can position their company for a much smoother ride through this turbulent period: the engineering team. With chips now playing integral roles in all kinds of products, the shortage has hampered a wide range of industries. Despite companies’ best efforts to counter its effects, some manufacturers were forced to cut their annual production volume by as much as 25%. The problem, as many executives are painfully aware, is there are no quick fixes. Although there’s now a light at the end of the tunnel, we expect the current shortage to last at least through the second quarter of 2022. Furthermore, the reality is we’re going to see more of these kinds of global supply chain disruptions in the future, and likely not only among semiconductors. Most leadership teams are using a range of tactics to address the shortage’s immediate effects. Some stood up “war rooms” early in the shortage to map their response and revamp their supply chain strategy. Many expanded their product stockpile to create a buffer against shortfalls. Companies have also boosted the accuracy and length of demand forecasts, and some have used pricing to steer customers toward their more widely available products. These tactics have certainly made a difference, but they don’t address the root of the problem. Leading companies are going a step further. They’re turning to their engineering team to quickly adjust the way the company designs its products, in order to more rapidly and effectively mitigate supply chain shocks, with a focus on two key capabilities: designing for resilience and designing for availability. Designing for resilience is a preemptive move. Engineers do this when the company isn’t facing an imminent supply disruption, but the company still sees a reason to prepare for that possibility. This means the company has ample time to design a product to avoid reliance on vulnerable components and build in more flexibility. This could happen upstream, before a product is in market, or it could happen when a product is already in the market and would benefit from a more fundamental, deep redesign. Designing for availability comes into play when there’s already a supply disruption, and the company needs to make urgent, targeted product adjustments to rapidly respond, using available components. Designing for Resilience Leading companies constantly refine their products to increase resilience, ideally beginning early in product development and before a supply disruption hits. If a company hasn’t made resilience a central piece of its engineering approach to date, a deeper, fundamental product redesign might make sense. The key considerations: Does the engineering team have the mandate and skills to rethink product architecture to decrease reliance on at-risk components that are custom-made or depend on a small number of suppliers? Is the company willing to sacrifice any features that depend on the vulnerable components? Is the company confident it has ample time to procure needed components for as long as the redesign will take? Companies with more resilient product portfolios can weather future supply shocks more effectively than the competition. This allows them to minimize their exposure to the disruption and makes it easier to quickly respond and adjust their products, if needed. Indeed, at its most successful, the design-for-resilience effort may go completely unnoticed by the outside world because component shortages seem not to affect the company’s product or business. In our work with clients and analysis of the global landscape, we’ve found that several specific attributes tend to improve a resilience strategy’s odds of success. First, the leading companies decouple software from hardware. In a chip shortage, for example, the fewer “hooks” the product has into silicon, the better. When it’s not possible to control the hardware, leading firms make the hardware less critical to the product and increase reliance on software by adding a flexible middleware layer on top of the firmware. Second, design modularity can pay huge dividends. Leading companies use standard approaches and flexible product architecture wherever possible, including building in additional time to test and qualify multiple acceptable parts. For example, Acer, the Taiwanese hardware and electronics company, said in October that it intends to design a “different kind of product” that will give it a wider selection of device component resources, as the company looks to counter the current chip shortage and rising semiconductor prices. Third, companies look for ways to insulate a product’s components. With fewer interdependencies between teams and products, the work required to redesign a single part in the event of a shortage becomes self-contained and less daunting. Finally, reducing a product’s number of parts and reusing components wherever possible can make the product less susceptible to supply chain hitches. Leading companies enshrine these resilience principles into product design by integrating standard, approved parts into their product design and computer-aided design toolkits; setting incentives aligned with desired outcomes, such as a product’s percentage of reused or custom parts; strengthening collaboration between the engineering, sales, and procurement teams; and working directly with suppliers to design critical components to ensure their availability and reliability. The result should be a long-term roadmap and understanding of how to simplify product architecture and move away from parts or components that could become supply chain bottlenecks. Designing for Availability Companies that are effective at designing products for resilience set themselves up well to respond to supply chain shocks that require more urgent product adjustments because they’re actively (or imminently) losing sales. When successful, the company quickly returns a nearly identical product to market. Even a single, simple adjustment could make a difference. During the recent chip shortage, automaker Stellantis swapped out digital speedometers for analog ones in one of its Peugeot models, allowing the company to sidestep a significant production hurdle. But designing for availability requires a different set of capabilities. The most successful companies start by deploying an agile team, with the right skills to quickly and effectively achieve the redesign, and give it a set of clear goals and incentives to deliver on the project. This type of effort should be focused solely on ameliorating areas affected by the supply shortage and doesn’t usually warrant a full-size product design team. The most effective agile engineering teams rapidly modify software to accommodate new parts, adjust the current product to free up resources for more important features, and use rapid prototyping and testing to validate the new designs. How can companies strengthen their design-for-availability muscles? One useful tactic is to continue using agile teams in other strategic ways even after the supply shock has passed. For example, having them continuously refine products to lower costs. That way, these teams continue adding value while remaining ready to spring into action when the next disruption hits. Tesla’s investments in designing products both for resilience and availability have paid off during the current chip shortage, and the company’s experience demonstrates how the two engineering capabilities can reinforce each other. The electric vehicle maker’s decision to use standard semiconductor hardware but to develop in-house the software running on those chips has given the company more flexibility in the components to manufacture its vehicles. When it faced a shortage of its typical microcontroller units (MCUs), the company’s agile software development capabilities and modular technology architecture helped it to rapidly develop and validate 19 new, alternative MCUs, while simultaneously developing firmware for new chips made by new suppliers. Executives increasingly recognize that being able to design for both availability and resilience can help their companies handle short-term supply shocks and prepare for future ones. But the most successful companies will become so effective at designing for resilience that they’ll rarely need to design for availability; if they do, it’ll be a much faster, smoother process. The result will be companies that are better equipped to handle any supply chain disruption that comes their way.

This article originally appeared on HBR.org (subscription may be required).

Leadership teams are pulling out all the stops to blunt the damage of the global semiconductor chip shortage on their businesses. But many are overlooking a critical factor that can position their company for a much smoother ride through this turbulent period: the engineering team.

With chips now playing integral roles in all kinds of products, the shortage has hampered a wide range of industries. Despite companies’ best efforts to counter its effects, some manufacturers were forced to cut their annual production volume by as much as 25%.

The problem, as many executives are painfully aware, is there are no quick fixes. Although there’s now a light at the end of the tunnel, we expect the current shortage to last at least through the second quarter of 2022. Furthermore, the reality is we’re going to see more of these kinds of global supply chain disruptions in the future, and likely not only among semiconductors.

Most leadership teams are using a range of tactics to address the shortage’s immediate effects. Some stood up “war rooms” early in the shortage to map their response and revamp their supply chain strategy. Many expanded their product stockpile to create a buffer against shortfalls. Companies have also boosted the accuracy and length of demand forecasts, and some have used pricing to steer customers toward their more widely available products.

These tactics have certainly made a difference, but they don’t address the root of the problem. Leading companies are going a step further. They’re turning to their engineering team to quickly adjust the way the company designs its products, in order to more rapidly and effectively mitigate supply chain shocks, with a focus on two key capabilities: designing for resilience and designing for availability.

Designing for resilience is a preemptive move. Engineers do this when the company isn’t facing an imminent supply disruption, but the company still sees a reason to prepare for that possibility. This means the company has ample time to design a product to avoid reliance on vulnerable components and build in more flexibility. This could happen upstream, before a product is in market, or it could happen when a product is already in the market and would benefit from a more fundamental, deep redesign.

Designing for availability comes into play when there’s already a supply disruption, and the company needs to make urgent, targeted product adjustments to rapidly respond, using available components.

Designing for Resilience

Leading companies constantly refine their products to increase resilience, ideally beginning early in product development and before a supply disruption hits.

If a company hasn’t made resilience a central piece of its engineering approach to date, a deeper, fundamental product redesign might make sense. The key considerations: Does the engineering team have the mandate and skills to rethink product architecture to decrease reliance on at-risk components that are custom-made or depend on a small number of suppliers? Is the company willing to sacrifice any features that depend on the vulnerable components? Is the company confident it has ample time to procure needed components for as long as the redesign will take?

Companies with more resilient product portfolios can weather future supply shocks more effectively than the competition. This allows them to minimize their exposure to the disruption and makes it easier to quickly respond and adjust their products, if needed. Indeed, at its most successful, the design-for-resilience effort may go completely unnoticed by the outside world because component shortages seem not to affect the company’s product or business.

In our work with clients and analysis of the global landscape, we’ve found that several specific attributes tend to improve a resilience strategy’s odds of success.

First, the leading companies decouple software from hardware. In a chip shortage, for example, the fewer “hooks” the product has into silicon, the better. When it’s not possible to control the hardware, leading firms make the hardware less critical to the product and increase reliance on software by adding a flexible middleware layer on top of the firmware.

Second, design modularity can pay huge dividends. Leading companies use standard approaches and flexible product architecture wherever possible, including building in additional time to test and qualify multiple acceptable parts. For example, Acer, the Taiwanese hardware and electronics company, said in October that it intends to design a “different kind of product” that will give it a wider selection of device component resources, as the company looks to counter the current chip shortage and rising semiconductor prices.

Third, companies look for ways to insulate a product’s components. With fewer interdependencies between teams and products, the work required to redesign a single part in the event of a shortage becomes self-contained and less daunting.

Finally, reducing a product’s number of parts and reusing components wherever possible can make the product less susceptible to supply chain hitches.

Leading companies enshrine these resilience principles into product design by integrating standard, approved parts into their product design and computer-aided design toolkits; setting incentives aligned with desired outcomes, such as a product’s percentage of reused or custom parts; strengthening collaboration between the engineering, sales, and procurement teams; and working directly with suppliers to design critical components to ensure their availability and reliability.

The result should be a long-term roadmap and understanding of how to simplify product architecture and move away from parts or components that could become supply chain bottlenecks.

Designing for Availability

Companies that are effective at designing products for resilience set themselves up well to respond to supply chain shocks that require more urgent product adjustments because they’re actively (or imminently) losing sales. When successful, the company quickly returns a nearly identical product to market. Even a single, simple adjustment could make a difference. During the recent chip shortage, automaker Stellantis swapped out digital speedometers for analog ones in one of its Peugeot models, allowing the company to sidestep a significant production hurdle. But designing for availability requires a different set of capabilities.

The most successful companies start by deploying an agile team, with the right skills to quickly and effectively achieve the redesign, and give it a set of clear goals and incentives to deliver on the project. This type of effort should be focused solely on ameliorating areas affected by the supply shortage and doesn’t usually warrant a full-size product design team. The most effective agile engineering teams rapidly modify software to accommodate new parts, adjust the current product to free up resources for more important features, and use rapid prototyping and testing to validate the new designs.

How can companies strengthen their design-for-availability muscles? One useful tactic is to continue using agile teams in other strategic ways even after the supply shock has passed. For example, having them continuously refine products to lower costs. That way, these teams continue adding value while remaining ready to spring into action when the next disruption hits.

Tesla’s investments in designing products both for resilience and availability have paid off during the current chip shortage, and the company’s experience demonstrates how the two engineering capabilities can reinforce each other. The electric vehicle maker’s decision to use standard semiconductor hardware but to develop in-house the software running on those chips has given the company more flexibility in the components to manufacture its vehicles. When it faced a shortage of its typical microcontroller units (MCUs), the company’s agile software development capabilities and modular technology architecture helped it to rapidly develop and validate 19 new, alternative MCUs, while simultaneously developing firmware for new chips made by new suppliers.

Executives increasingly recognize that being able to design for both availability and resilience can help their companies handle short-term supply shocks and prepare for future ones. But the most successful companies will become so effective at designing for resilience that they’ll rarely need to design for availability; if they do, it’ll be a much faster, smoother process. The result will be companies that are better equipped to handle any supply chain disruption that comes their way.